Project Quality Management PMP Knowledge area overview

Quality Management the knowledge area of PMP that focusses on quality aspects of a project. As with any other knowledge area this starts with planning quality management, performing quality management that assures quality of project, monitoring and controlling the quality These quality related project management processes come with their unique set of inputs, tools & techniques and outputs Lets start with each and every one in detail. This is based on PMBOK 5th edition 1) Planning of quality of project - Planning of quality finds its presence ever since creation of project management plan. All the stake holders including the ones involved in project, end user expect quality project. Hence stakeholder register contains details on project quality management.Utilizing tools like cost-benefit analysis, meetings etc the final output of this process is the creation of quality management plan Quality Management Planning Inputs Memorization Technique Quality Management the knowledge area in PMP offers three major processes - Quality planning, quality assurance, control quality. Lets take a way to memorize the Inputs that are used as part of Quality Management Planning. Lets make use of simple mnemonics to keep this in memory. This is based on PMBOK 5th edition As per PMBOK Quality Management Planning process comprises of following inputs 1) Project Management Plan 2) Stakeholder Register 3) Risk Register 4) Requirements documentation 5) Enterprise Environmental factors 6) Organizational process assets Planning of Quality Management starts with project management plan Stakeholders starting from project personnel to end user need quality product and hence quality makes use of stakeholder register Low quality will be a risk that is going to affect all project stakeholders and hence makes use of risk register Every project starts with requirements and the level of quality is directly related to requirement specification in requirements documents Quality is affected by env factors Project is a part of organization and hence organizational process assets find role 2) Perform Quality Assurance - The Quality management plan created in prior step is used as an input during this execution phase. Tools such as quality audits, process anlysis will provide updates to project management plan, project documents, organizational assets etc 3) Quality Control - This primarily takes project management plan and quality metrics as its inputs, quality tools the seven basic ones and produces quality control measurements updates Practice exam questions on quality management based on PMBOK 6th edition: 1. Three Standard Deviation is equal to: a. 95.46% b. 99.73% c. 99.99985% d. 96.46% Answer: b 2. Cause and Effect Diagram is also known as: a. Fishbone diagram b. Pareto diagram c. Histogram d. Scatter Diagram Answer: a 3. If a project manager wants to find the root cause of the Issues that is happening in his project with respect to quality he should be looking at: a. Pareto Diagram b. Histogram c. Scatter Diagram d. Ishikawa Diagram Answer: d 4. A Pareto chart is a type of: a. Flowchart b. Scatter Diagram c. Fishbone Diagram d. Histogram Answer: d 5. If a project manager looks at the past project to see if there is a pattern of issue in the past projects then he will be using __________ a. Pareto Chart b. Flowchart c. Run Chart d. Scatter Diagram Answer: c 6. If a project manager wants to fix the most critical issues in his project he will be looking at: a. Pareto Chart b. Flowchart c. Run Chart d. Scatter Diagram Answer: a 7. If a project manager uses the cost and hours of work to judge the quality in his project he will be using _________ a. Pareto Chart b. Flowchart c. Run Chart d. Scatter Diagram Answer: d 8. The project manager used a ___________ to have a discussion with his project team in the hope it will help the team to think a solution for the Issues faced a. Fishbone Diagram b. Histogram c. Flowchart d. Control Chart Answer: a 9. The project manager used a _________ to graphically represent a process to determine where a process fails. a. Fishbone Diagram b. Histogram c. Flowchart d. Control Chart Answer: c 10. If the project manager wants to check the factors that would have influenced the cost to go up in the project he should be using ________ a. Pareto Chart b. Run Chart c. Design of experiments d. Scatter Diagram Answer: c 11. The project manager used a bar chart to analyze the project completion, he should be using ________ a. Flowchart b. Control Chart c. Histogram d. Scatter Diagram Answer: c 12. Company A has decided to have the suppliers deliver the materials needed for development when they are needed. This is an example of: a. Continuous Improvement b. Just in Time c. Gold Plating d. None of the Above Answer: b 13. The project manager has decided to give extra feature as part of a goodwill to the client for long term relationship with the client, this is referred to as ________ a. Scope Creep b. Gold Plating c. Marginal Analysis d. None of the Above Answer: b 14. All of the following are the impact of poor quality except: a. Low morale b. Decreased Costs c. High Risk d. Rework Answer: b 15. If the project manager wants to only work on the critical defects before beginning to look at other relatively lower defects he should be looking at a. Flowchart b. Run Chart c. Control Chart d. Pareto Chart Answer: d As a PMP certified professional it becomes essential to have clear understanding of the scope of the project. What is scope? In simple terms scope is the work to be done to accomplish the end result It is classified as 1) Product Scope - Ultimate end result which is the product 2) Project Scope - Work to be done to accomplish the product scope Hence, these two are not the same. A product scope involves lot of project scopes. Project scope is the work to be accomplished to create product. Work is a generic term and in PMP term from a PMO perspective it involves tasks related to planning, co-ordination, resource allocation, execution, followup tasks including meeting and reporting to accomplish the work needed to create product 1) Project scope is recorded in scope management plan 2) Scope management plan is a sub-plan of Project management plan For monitoring and determining scope accomplishment project management plan needs to be used for tracking and comparison to determine the accomplishment of scope Say in real world, you join a IT firm that develops and delivers products. Final product release relates to Product scope. However, this task is split into phases and accomplishment of each phase determines project scope Scope Management ITTO Memorization Technique: Scope Management is the second knowledge area in the project management framework from PMI (Project Management Institute).As per PMBOK 6th Edition, Scope Management includes the processes and activities needed and only the activities needed to accomplish the task.As per PMBOk latest Eition - Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.We are going to discuss easy methods/memory aids to memorize the ITTO of various processes that constitue the scope management knowledge area.Scope management includes the following processes 1) Collect Requirements 2) Define Scope Scope Management - Define Scope - ITTO Memorization Technique Define Scope is the second process in Scope Management knowledge area.As per PMBOK latest edition, Define scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project and product. We will be discussing easy ITTO ( Inputs, tools and techniques, Output) memorization technique for Scope Management - Define scope. ITTO are based on PMBOK latest edition. Scope Management - Define Scope Inputs : 1) Project Charter 2) Requirements documentation 3) Organizational Process Assets Mnemonic/Easy ITTO memorization techniques/Easy method to remember ITTO - PRO (remember as public relations officer) Tools And Techniques : 1) Expert Judgement 2) Product analysis 3) Alternatives identification 4) Facilitated workshops Mnemonic/Easy ITTO memorization techniques/Easy method to remember ITTO - PEAF ( remember as BEAF) Output : 1) Project scope statement 2) Project document updates Mnemonic/Easy ITTO memorization techniques/Easy method to remember ITTO - 2P PRO ---is fond of PEAF (BEAF) ----often visits the shop----> 2P 3) Create WBS 4) Verify Scope Scope Management - Verify Scope - ITTO Memorization Technique Verify Scope is the fourth process in Scope Management knowledge area.As per PMBOK latest edition, Verify Scope is the process of formalizing the acceptance of the completed project deliverables. We will be discussing easy ITTO ( Inputs, tools and techniques, Output) memorization technique for Scope Management - Verify Scope.ITTO are based on PMBOK latest edition. Scope Management - Verify Scope Inputs : 1) Project Management Plan 2) Requirements Documentation 3) Requirements traceability matrix 4) Validated Deliverables Mnemonic/Easy Method of Remembering/Memory Aid for Verify Scope - VP + 2R (Remember as vice president verifies 2 requirements) Tools and Techniques : 1) Inspection Output : 1) Accepted deliverables 2) Change requests 3) Project document updates Mnemonic/Easy Method of Remembering/Memory Aid for Verify Scope - PAC (Remember as pack) As a summary story of the Mnemonic/Easy Method of Remembering/Memory Aid for Verify Scope we have,Vice president verifies 2 requirements (VP+2R), by performing inspection (tool), and packs the output deliverables (PAC - output) VP + 2R ----Inspection----> PAC 5) Control Scope Scope Management includes all the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.In this article we are going to discuss in-detail about various processes that form a part of the Scope Management knowledge area, their inputs, tools and techniques, outputs. We'll be also discussing in detail on where they fit into project management framework.Various processes that form a part of scope management knowledge area includes : 1) Collect Requirements 2) Define Scope 3) Create WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) 4) Verify Scope 5) Control Scope Scope management practice exam question and answers for practice are given below: You've been hired by a large consulting firm to lead an accounting project. You determine the needs of the project and divide the work up into work packages so that you can show how all of it fits into categories. What are you creating? A. A Project Scope Statement B. A WBS C. A contract D. A schedule Answer: B A project manager uses a facilitator to gather opinions from experts anonymously. What tool or technique of Risk Identification is being performed? A. Delphi Technique B. Brainstorming C. Interviews D. SWOT Analysis Answer: A A team member is showing up late to work and leaving early, and it is affecting the project. The project manager decides that the team member must be reprimanded. Which of the following is the BEST way to handle this situation? A. In a one-on-one meeting with the team member B. Over e-mail C. At the next team meeting D. In a private meeting with the team member and his functional manager Answer: A Your project team has completed the project work. All of the following must be done before the project can be closed EXCEPT: A. Make sure the scope of the project was completed B. Get formal acceptance of the deliverables from the customer C. Ensure that the schedule baseline has been updated D. Verify that the product acceptance criteria have been met Answer: C Which of the following is NOT included in a cost of quality calculation? A. Project managers' time spent creating the project management plan B. Team members' time spent finding and repairing defects C. Team members' time spent reviewing specifications, plans and other documents D. Quality managers' time spent writing quality standards Answer: A Paul is a project manager for an industrial design project. The project has a 60% chance of making the company $230,000 over the next year. It has a 40% chance of costing the company $150,000. What's the project's EMV? A. $230,000 B. $60,000 C. $78,000 D. $138,000 Answer: C Alberto is the project manager of a software implementation project. His company has made an organization wide decision to move to a new accounting and human resources software package. He has read that some projects to implement the same package have resulted in the loss of personnel data when they tried to import it into the new system. He backs up the data so that it could be restored in the event of such a problem but also buys insurance to cover the cost of keying in the data manually if the implementation doesn't work. Which response strategies are Alberto using? A. Mitigating and Accepting B. Mitigating and Sharing C. Mitigating and Transferring D. Mitigating and Avoiding Answer: C You are managing a project with AC = $25,100, ETC = $45,600, VAC = -$2,600, BAC = $90,000 and EAC = $92,100. Your sponsor asks you to forecast how much money you expect to spend on the remainder of the project. Which is the BEST estimate to use for this forecast? A. $87,400 B. $45,600 C. $92,100 D. $90,000 Answer: B Which of the following is NOT a tool in Risk Identification? A. Delphi technique B. SWOT Analysis C. Risk Urgency Assessment D. Brainstorming Answer: C Which of the following are valid ways to breakdown the work in a WBS? A. By project phase or project deliverable B. By risk or quality metric C. By product feature or unit of work D. By charge code or initial estimate Answer: A Which of the following is NOT a tool of the Scope Definition process? A. Stakeholder Analysis B. Constrained Optimization C. Product Analysis D. Alternatives Identification Answer: B Two of your project team members approach you with a conflict that they are having with each other over the technical approach to their work. One of the two people is very aggressive, and tries to get you to make a decision quickly. The other team member is quiet, and seems less willing to talk about the issue. The conflict is starting to cause delays, and you need to reach a decision quickly. You spend the weekend studying conflict resolution techniques, which is an example of: A. Enhancing personal professional competence B. Contributing to the project management body of knowledge C. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs D. Confronting (or problem-solving) Answer: A A project manager on a construction project includes a line item in the budget for insurance for the equipment and job site. This is an example of: A. Acceptance B. Transference C. Avoidance D. Mitigation Answer: B Scope Management - Collect Requirements ITTO Memorization Technique: Collect requirements is the first process in Scope Management knowledge area.As per PMBOK 4th Edition, Collect requirements is the process of defining and documenting stakeholders needs to meet the project objectives.We will be discussing mnemonics/ easy memorization methods to remember the ITTO (Inputs, Tools and Techniques, Outputs) based on PMBOK 4th edition. Scope Management - Collect Requirements Inputs : 1) Project Charter 2) Stakeholder register Mnemonic/Easy memorization Technique/ITTO Memory aid - SP (Superindent of police) Tools And techniques : 1) Interviews 2) Focus Groups 3) Facilitated workshops 4) Group creativity techniques 5) Group decision making techniques 6) Questionnaires and surveys 7) Observations 8) Prototypes Mnemonic/Easy memorization technique/ITTO Memorization technique/ITTO Memorization aid - Let us assume that Name of our Superindent of police (SP - Input to collect requirements process of scope management knowledge area) is GOPI. So ITTO can be remembered as - GOPI + Q + G2F Gopi is standing in a queue and goes to Factory. (GOPI + Q + G2F - Input to collect requirements in scope knowledge area) Output : 1) Requirements documentation 2) Requirements Management Plan 3) Requirements traceability matrix Mnemonic/Easy memorization technique/ITTO Memorization technique/ITTO Memorization aid - R3 (remember as 3 receptonists - just for fun!!!!!) SP GOPI stands in Q and goes 2 Factory and meets 3 Receptonists. SP (Input) -----GOPI + Q + 2F (Tool and technique) -----> 3R (Output) Stay tuned with us. Project life cycle comprises of the following 5 phases 1. Initiation 2. Planning 3. Executing 4. Monitoring and controlling 5. Closing Rolling wave planning is the process of performing detailed planning during each and every phase of the project.Scope Management - Verify Scope - ITTO Memorization Technique : Verify Scope is the fourth process in Scope Management knowledge area.As per PMBOK. Verify Scope is the process of formalizing the acceptance of the completed project deliverables. We will be discussing easy ITTO ( Inputs, tools and techniques, Output) memorization technique for Scope Management - Verify Scope.ITTO are based on PMBOK 4th edition. Scope Management - Verify Scope Inputs : 1) Project Management Plan 2) Requirements Documentation 3) Requirements traceability matrix 4) Validated Deliverables Mnemonic/Easy Method of Remembering/Memory Aid for Verify Scope - VP + 2R (Remember as vice president verifies 2 requirements) Tools and Techniques : 1) Inspection Output : 1) Accepted deliverables 2) Change requests 3) Project document updates Mnemonic/Easy Method of Remembering/Memory Aid for Verify Scope - PAC (Remember as pack) As a summary story of the Mnemonic/Easy Method of Remembering/Memory Aid for Verify Scope we have,Vice president verifies 2 requirements (VP+2R), by performing inspection (tool), and packs the output deliverables (PAC - output) VP + 2R ----Inspection----> PAC Scope Management Knowldge Area: As per PMBOK, Scope Management includes all the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.In this article we are going to discuss in-detail about various processes that form a part of the Scope Management knowledge area, their inputs, tools and techniques, outputs. We'll be also discussing in detail on where they fit into project management framework.Various processes that form a part of scope management knowledge area includes : 1) Collect Requirements 2) Define Scope 3) Create WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) 4) Verify Scope 5) Control Scope Network Diagramming Method Project Management: In a project the major tool used to develop a schedule(time duration taken to complete each and every activity comprising the project) is network diagramming method. There are two major diagramming methods. 1. Precedence diagramming method( Activity on node Activities are represented in the form of nodes. The nodes are interconnected using arrows. Arrows are used to represent the inter connectivity among nodes. Four major inter dependencies exist: 1.1. Start to finish 1.2. Start to start 1.3. Finish to start 1.4. Finish to finish 2. Arrow diagramming method ( Activity on Arrow) In this method activity is mentioned above the arrow used to connect nodes